Charles Mingus was a titan of 20th-century American music, renowned for his virtuosity on the upright bass, innovative compositions, and powerful bandleading. Born in 1922, Mingus's career spanned over three decades, during which he collaborated with jazz legends like Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, and Max Roach. His music defied easy categorization, encompassing bebop, hard bop, free jazz, and cool jazz, and often addressed themes of race, gender, and social justice. Mingus's discography is vast and varied, with 51 albums released under his own name and numerous appearances as a sideman. His seminal works, such as "Pithecanthropus Erectus," "Mingus Ah Um," and "The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady," showcase his unique voice and enduring influence. Beyond music, Mingus was also a passionate civil rights activist, author, and poet, leaving behind a rich legacy that continues to inspire and challenge audiences today.